Papilloma - Benign skin tumor formation and mucous membranes of viral etiology.It looks like a papilla on a narrow base (leg), soft or thick consistency, from light to dark brown color.The location of papillomas on the skin leads to the formation of a cosmetic defect, in the breathing of the larynx - impaired breathing, voice, on the mucous membrane of the internal organs - ulcers and bleeding.Recurrents of the disease are possible, the most terrible complication is malignant degeneration.The removal of papil can be done by electrocoagulation, cryodestruction, surgical excision, radio wave method or laser exposure.
General information
Papillomas - This is a disease that affects epithelial cells and skin.The reason for the papillomas is the human papillomavirus, which belongs to the family of papoviridae, the papillomavirus group.HPV distinguishes high and low oncogenic risk viruses.Oncogenicity papillomas are explained by the ability of the virus to integrate its DNA into the genome of human cells.
The mechanism of infection with the human papillomavirus
Once in the human body, at the initial stage, HPV affects the basal cells of the epithelium.Microtraum, scufs, cracks and other skin damage contribute to the penetration of papillomavirus into the body.For a long time the virus can be multiplied mainly, not manifesting itself clinically (chronic transport).If the virus spreads to the superficial layers of the skin, then over time, even with chronic transmission of the papilloma virus, cell hyperplasia is observed.
Because the human papilloma virus is embedded in the external environment, the infection is carried out in direct contacts.The sexual relationships imposed lead to infection;Smoking, pregnancy, endometriosis, vitamin deficiency, immunodeficiency are predisposing factors, so the infection occurs when interacting with the virus.The risk of infection increases with frequent contacts with bare human skin, such as massage.
Clinical manifestations of papillomas
Papilloma is a neoplasm of the skin or mucous membranes and looks like a papillary growth that protrudes over the surrounding tissue.Papillomas are located on the skin, mucous membranes, in the inguinal region and the genitals, in some cases the papillomas are found in the renal pelvis and on the mucous membrane of the urethra.
Because the papilloma consists of connective tissue covered with skin and contains blood vessels, bleeding is possible during trauma.The neoplasm grows up in the form of scattered papillae in different directions and looks like cauliflower.
The skin of the skin may not change, but in most cases the papillomas have color from white to dirty brown.Favorite location - the skin of brushes and hands.Papillomatosis is widespread in patients with immunodeficiency.Primary changes in the skin begin to occur 1-6 months after the infection.The concentration of the virus in the affected areas reaches the maximum by the 6th month of the infection, this period is the most infected.
Depending on the type of virus, the clinical manifestations of papillomas are variable.So, vulgar papillomas look in the form of a solid impact with a diameter of 1 mm with a rough keratinizing surface.Vulgar papillomas are prone to fusion and therefore often affect significant areas of the skin.The simple (vulgar) papillomas are localized everywhere, but more often they are affected by the skin of the fingers and the back of the palms.In children, especially young people, are affected by papillomas, this is due to physiological characteristics as children crawl without clothing.Usually, vulgar papillomas are located in groups, but prolonged existence of one element is possible for several years.Immunodeficiency conditions and general diseases contribute to the spread of the process, in isolated cases vulgar papilloma is malignant.
The causative agents of the papillomas are PAPC 1.2.4.A few months after the infection, a small shiny boom appears on the skin of the sole, which has all the signs of ordinary papilloma and is surrounded by a protruding rim.In some cases, small -sized subsidiaries appear around a papilloma that looks like balloons.Then mosaic papillomatosis is diagnosed.
Papillomas on the soles are often painful, especially when walking.In approximately 30% of cases, they are monitored alone, and more self -care in young children are more commonly observed.They are often confused with calluses that appear between the fingers with prolonged compression.However, corn, unlike papillomas, have a smooth surface and retain the skin model.
The causative agents of the flat papillomas are HPV 3.10.These papillomas of unchanged skin color and the type of smooth flat cones, sometimes there may be a yellowish or slightly pink hue, more often rounded outlines.Multiplant papillomas are also found.Neoplasms cause pain, itching, the affected area is hyperemic.
Film papillomas have been diagnosed in half of those who have turned older than 50 years of skin for neoplasms, they are also called acrocodes.They are located on the skin around the eyes, in the groin, in the axillary cavities and on the neck.First, a small larger yellowish shade appears, which further increases and gradually becomes thick elongated elastic formations up to 5-6 mm.If the acrophores are located in places where trauma is possible, then they become inflamed and injured.Film papillomas are not prone to spontaneous disappearance.Rectum polyps are often observed in patients with diagnosed papillomas.
HPV 13, 32 cause local epithelial hyperplasia, which is characterized by the appearance of the mucous membrane of the mouth and the red border of the lips of small papillary neoplasms, which slightly rise above the skin and are prone to fusion.
One of the papillomas that are rare are the papillomas of Lewandovski-Luc (Warty epidermodisphelia).Mostly children and adolescents are sick.Sometimes Warty epidermodisplasia is a family character.It looks clinical like multiple red-brown papillomas of the hands and feet.If the papillomas are located in the skin zones that are most susceptible to ultraviolet radiation, then in 30% of cases they are abused and reborn into malignant tumors with germination in adjacent tissues.
HPV, which are the pathogens of the pointed warts, can be of low, medium and high risk of oncological degeneration, therefore when diagnosing cutting confagates, the PCR examination should always be performed.The incubation period is from several weeks to several months.As the changes in some cases are minimal, these papillomas go unnoticed.The main path of transmission is sexual.The risk group includes people with immunodeficiency and often changing sexual partners.Outside, they look like pink or pale gray pigmented pointed leg growths.
In most cases, pain, burning, itching, irritation when touched and rubbing with underwear are often injured, often injured and bleeding.They are located on the eve of the vagina, on small pubic lips, rarely there are spicy warts in the vagina and the cervix.In men, the hole of the urethra is affected.The area of damage depends on sexual behavior in this way, in people practicing anal contacts, in Perinea and in the perianal zone there are pointed warts.In some cases, the pointed warts are diagnosed on the oral mucosa and on the red border of the lips, which is again associated with the characteristics of sexual activity.
Minor papillomas from the larynx rarely record, they are caused by HPV 6.11;For their bigger part, children under five are ill.The infection occurs during birth, when the woman at birth has papillomas in the vagina and the baby, as she passes the birth canal, takes a premature breath.The disease is characterized by papillary outgrowths of voice bundles, leading to the difficulty of air circulation and speech disorders.
Papillomas
The diagnosis of papillomas is performed by a dermatologist or venereologist.Due to the large number of types of viruses, it has its own characteristics.It is possible to make an accurate diagnosis based on a visual check only in the classic case of the pointed warts, but this does not provide accurate information about the type of virus and its oncogenicity.Therefore, in the case of suspicion of the papillomatous nature of the neoplasms, they resort to PCR diagnosis of DNA of the virus.
PCR diagnostics not only confirm the presence of human papillomavirus in the body and determine its type, but also to diagnose how many viruses are in the body at the time of the analysis.This has a diagnostic value, because, knowing the percentage of the content of the virus and its type, you can determine the approximate periods of infection and identify contact persons to see and prescribe preventive therapy.PCR diagnostics also provides information on whether papillomas have a chronic course or they are a consequence of a simultaneous reduction in immunity.Thanks to such data, adequate therapy may be prescribed.
If the only method of treatment is the removal of papillomas, then a biopsy of cytological tests is performed in parallel with the surgery.Histological examination of the tissue of papillomas produces more accurate results as the study is subjected to cells so that the correct location of their layers and the structural characteristics of the tissue.This gives reliable results for the degree of changes in the body and the likelihood of malignancy, since long -term and not adult papillomas more often lead to cancer than HPV open with high oncoris.
As a rule, PCR diagnostics are screen in nature and if the analysis confirms the presence of the virus, then additional study is conducted.
Papilloma
Papillomas treatment regimen in each case is selected individually.If HPV is detected during the diagnosis but there are still no clinical manifestations, then preventive therapy is prescribed by cytostatics.It is quite effective and allows you to "scatter" the virus for several years.Patients who are HPV carriers are recommended to perform a PCR examination periodically and use barrier contraceptives so that the human papillomavia infection with their partner does not danger.
Inozin Pranobex is a medicine for the treatment of papillomas in the group of antiviral agents, which suppresses the reproduction of viruses.It is one of the most preferred as it has immunomodulatory properties.Indications for use are diagnosed with papillomas with a combination of other viral infections, such as cytomegalovirus infections, measles and mumps.The presence of herpes virus, chronic viral hepatitis and immunodeficiency also requires the inclusion of isoprinosine in the treatment regimen.Since papilloma therapy is long, papilo pranobex should only be taken under the supervision of a doctor, as it is necessary to control the laboratory performance.The use of immunomodulators and vitamin courses is shown to all patients with HPV.
If there are HPV manifestations on the skin and mucous membranes, then, depending on the location and symptoms, they resort to cryodestruction of papillomas, electrocoagulation or papilla laser removal.It is possible to use another modern method for surgical treatment -repair of papillomas with radio waves.If the papilloma has signs of malignancy, then excision with a scalpel is performed in the affected area with capture of healthy tissues.
It should be borne in mind that the removal of papillomas does not lead to a complete recovery, as there are no medicines today that are described in detail on HPV.Therefore, patients with diagnosed papillomas should periodically undergo examination and conducting courses for antivirus therapy periodically.
Since HPV is mainly sexually transmitted, the only prophylaxis of papillomas is the barrier method of contraception.When planning pregnancy, it is necessary to diagnose and, if necessary, then the treatment of the virus to reduce the likelihood of infection of the child during childbirth and during the first years of life.