What is a wart?The reasons for the occurrence, diagnosis and methods of treatment will be analyzed in the article by a dermatologist with 37 years experience.
Determination of the disease.The causes of the disease
Warts-This are uneven light-loving benign neoplasms of the skin in the form of localized growth of the upper layer of skin (epidermis) with papules (nodes) or plaques.
The incidence of warts in adults is 7-12 %, in children in school up to 10-20 %.
Warts are very similar to other neoplasms of the skin.Usually one cannot independently determine the disease independently in order to be diagnosed, it is necessary to contact a dermatologist.
The reason for the appearance of warts is the human papillomavirus.A variety of warts that can develop depends on the type of virus.So, every type of human papillomavirus affects the tissue on the location that is most characteristic of it.
| HPV type | Exclusively location |
Warts |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Legs, knees, palm trees, Brushes, fingers |
Lead and palmar warts, Sometimes - simple warts |
| 2, 4 | Hands, fingers, knees, Less often - steps |
Simple warts, Sometimes - plantar, palmar and mosaic warts |
| 3, 10 | Shin, hands, face | Flat warts |
| 7 | Brushes, fingers | Butcher warts |
| 5, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19-24 |
Face, hands, The front of the body |
Verruchimic Epidermodiasplasia |
The infection with a virus usually occurs in the contact pathway - with direct contact of infected and healthy skin (such as handshake) or indirect (through railings, toys, etc.).Therefore, it is possible to become infected with the human papillomavis virus of a wide variety of places - in public transport, in school, at work, houses, in places with high contact and humid environment (pools, saunas, gyms).Small injuries to the epidermis through which viruses as well as inflammation of the skin fall, contribute to infection.
Also the appearance of warts contributes to:
- immunodeficiency (including HIV infection);
- warm and humid environment;
- The need for professional contact with meat and fish ("butcher warts").
Some types of human papillomavirus are transmitted by parents.
But from frogs and frogs, despite the stories of horrors that are so often scared in childhood, you cannot get infected - this is one of the most popular myths about this disease that has no reason.
If similar symptoms are found, consult a doctor.Don't be aware - it's dangerous to your health!
Symptoms of warts
Depending on the type of wart, the symptoms will vary.
Ordinary wart:
- Round dense papule with a conventional color of 1-10 mm size and larger.
- The surface of the papule is covered with cracks, layers.
- If the dad is on the finger, then the print disappears and distorts.The same applies to the drawing of the palm.
- Simple warts are located both single and several pieces - they usually appear in places with the largest injury (hands, fingers, knees).
- When examined with a dermatoscope, the doctor can see small brown spots - thrombus (clogged) capillaries.Patients often call such points "roots".This is the main characteristic of the doctor: the dermatologist can distinguish a wart from other similar diseases (such as contagious softness and keratomes).
Social (horn) wart:
- The main symptom that the patient usually consults with a doctor is the pain when pressed and walking.
- Such warts are usually located on the feet.
- When you contact a doctor, as a rule, you can see keratinized uneven plaque of the usual color, although in the first stage you can see even a smooth papule.With keratinization capillaries can only be seen if you remove the keratinized layer of the skin.
- The skin model is distorted.
- Usually plantar warts are single, but there are 2-6 pieces;
- Often these warts are confused with corn (especially with dry) - with this description of the problem, patients usually reach the reception.
Flat (youth) wart:
- In appearance, it is round, clear, smooth papule of normal, pink or brown in color 1-5 mm.
- It appears on the hands, lower legs, very often on the face.
- There are always several such warts - they are located in groups.
Verrucilia (Senile Wart) epidermodisplasia:
- Large round numerous merging neoplasms of normal, pink or brown.
- Most often they appear on the face, hands, front of the body.
- You can confuse the keratoma, lichen and skin cancer.
Wart pathogenesis
If the human papillomavirus enters the body in a latent state for a long time - a person usually does not even know about his existence.When the factors seem favorable to the virus, it begins to "multiply" in the epithelium, leading to a change in tissues.
Unlike other viruses, human papillomavirus does not destroy the cells of the epithelium - they die alone, of course - in the process of keratinization and exfoliation.
The spread of the infection is influenced by local factors and the condition of the immune system.So, people with HIV infection or a transplanted kidney are more subject to the development of warts.In addition, these neoplasms are often difficult to treat.With normal immunity, the virus does not affect the deeper layers of the skin, so many people have warts alone after a few months.
The main stage of the appearance of warts is to accelerate the rate of separation and growth of cells with a virus.Such a rapid metabolism leads to thickening of the skin layers.As the tissues grow in a certain, small area, tuberculosis appears, called a wart.
Classification and stages of wart development
There is no universally recognized classification of warts.However, several common varieties can be distinguished:
- Wart- The most common type (70 % of warts are exactly them).Such neoplasms are not felt and cause only aesthetic discomfort of a person.
- Wart- Therefore, it appears on the legs, painful, requires treatment.The appearance of such a wart is facilitated by skin injuries due to uncomfortable, narrow, rubbing shoes.
- Flat warts- Most often they appear in young people, adolescents.This is due to the unstable hormonal origin of young people who affect the whole body.Usually, flat warts are almost invisible.
- Senile warts- inherent in the elderly.They often appear on parts of the body that is covered with clothing but can be found on the face and hands.If there is no discomfort, it is not worth treating such healing warts in the elderly, it can be much slower, which is in young people due to slow metabolism.
Other authors distinguish a few more of these types of warts:
- Mosaic warts(HPV 2, 4) - news of the palms and soles.They look like foci of hyperkeratosis, that is, the thickening of the layer of the skin layer (usually in the front of the foot), covered with deep cracks.
- Cystic warts(HPV 60) - a very rare type of foot neoplasm.This is a soft knot with cracks.When opening, a white-yellow ejection appears, similar to cottage cheese.
- Film warts- Thin horn growths near the mouth, nose or eyes.
- Warts "butchers"(HPV 7) - appear on the hands and fingers of people who are constantly in contact with meat and fish.They are presented in the form of hypertrophied neoplasms similar to cauliflower, but normal color.
In addition, the types of warts are distinguished depending on their location.
In this way, canned warts are detected - formed by tumor neoplasms that appear on the genitals (especially at the skin transition to the mucous membrane).They are usually caused by HPV 6 and 11.
Wart complications
The main reason why patients with warts go to a doctor is an aesthetic defect that can affect the quality of life of the patient, his self -confidence and develop many complexes.Complications also include cracking the surface of the wart and joining the infection and with some types of warts - soreness while walking.
In malignant neoplasms, skin warts are usually not reborn, they are quite harmless, but in very rare cases such a complication can still occur in people with suppressed immunity.
Other complications occur when attempting to independently remove neoplasms.In this regard, inflammation and aesthetic defects in the form of scars may occur, as well as the further spread of the virus on the skin, which is why one can wake up with a few new in the morning after independent removal of a wart.
Remember that under the guide of warts, a completely different disease can be hidden, which cannot be determined without consulting with an experienced doctor.
Wart diagnostics
Usually, to make a diagnosis, there is sufficient check (clinical picture) and collected history (medical history).
To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor may conduct a histological examination - the study of neoplasm cells.
It is very important to make a differential diagnosis - to distinguish warts from other diseases.For example,Ordinary wartsIt is necessary to distinguish from the following diseases:
- Contagioine mollusk-It appears more often on the body and genitals, rarely on the arms and legs.It is a hemisphere with the pressure on the surface when pressed by the sides, the whitish "mess" stands out.
- Epidermal Warty Nevus- More often lonely, there is a person since birth.It rises above the surface of the skin, often covered with hair.
- Basal- A tumor in the form of a roller of nodes, the center is covered with a crust.Inherent in the elderly.
Maintained by Ladomary wartsIt is necessary to distinguish from the following diseases:
- Keratoderma- large areas of keratinization and inflammation of the skin.There are no rubbed capillaries.
- Ladomary-syphilides- Numerous painless neoplasms, along the periphery, the skin lies.The response of syphilis is positive.
- Corn- Usually painless, it can only cause pain with vertically.
The doctor should also distinguish other types of warts from a number of diseases.In the case of suspicion of another pathology, it may prescribe additional diagnostics (such as identifying antibodies for viruses, CT or MRI).
Warts
Wart treatment is performed for aesthetic purposes and to improve the quality of life of the patient.It can only be prescribed by a doctor after examination and accurate diagnosis.Independent attempts to get rid of the wart are unacceptable, since the patient without medical education and the necessary equipment is not able to accurately determine the disease, and the complications after such "treatment" occur much more than recovery.
There are several methods of treatment for the treatment of warts.All of them are usually done under the supervision of a doctor, and some of them only in the conditions of the clinic office.
Chemical treatment methods
To get rid of the wart, use uses of milk-salicylic croidia and salicylic plasters.The percentage of drugs and the method of their use (long -term wearing plaster, applications, etc.) depend on the spread and localization of neoplasm.
Circus and 2-chlorpropionic acid solutions can also be used.In this case, the chemical composition is applied to the pre -treated surface, which is left on the wart until the color changes (depending on the type of wart).The procedure is repeated several times after 7, 14 and 21 days.Before each procedure, the fabric is removed mechanically.
Another chemical method is a combination of nitrogen, acetic, oxalic, lactic acids and copper nitrate trihydrate.In this way, only relatively small neoplasms are processed - up to 5 mm.The solution is also left until the color of the wart is changed.After 3-5 days, the patient comes to the control technique, if necessary, prescribed a second procedure after 1-4 weeks.
Cobbled
This method consists in freezing the wart with liquid nitrogen: a moistened swab is pressed against the damaged skin (with the capture of the surrounding tissues in several mm) for 1-5 minutes.The destruction of some neoplasms requires several procedures with an interval of four weeks.
The main disadvantages of cryodestruction are its soreness and the defined effect compared to other methods in which only one procedure is often sufficient to remove.
Electrocoagulation
Under the influence of electric current, the wart is removed according to layers.Such surgery is performed under local painkillers.
This method is more effective than cryodestruction, but there is a significant disadvantage: electrocoagulation often leaves scars at the site of removal of the wart.For those patients who are addressed to eliminate a cosmetic defect,
This method will not be the most appropriate.
Laser destruction
Using a laser, warts are also removed in layers.Svetoper has been in contact with the skin for a few seconds to three minutes, depending on the size.Then the legs that appear is cut and the bottom of the wounds is healed again with a laser.The patient is then instructed on the methods of wound treatment.The surgery itself is performed under the influence of local anesthesia.
Radio wave
Radio wave surgery is one of the most modern and gentle methods to remove some benign neoplasms, including warts.
The method is based on the generation of electromagnetic waves with different frequencies: from 100 kHz to 105 MHz.During the procedure, the tissues are opposed to passing waves, which causes the molecular energy that heats the skin in the cells.Under the influence of heat, the cells are actually evaporated - a clean incision is obtained.At the same time, there are no mechanical efforts on the affected tissue.
Pros of this method:
- safety;
- rapid wound healing;
- Good cosmetic effect - excluded scars and scars;
- Relative painlessness-the seizure analgesic is used before the mini-surgery;
- Exclusion of secondary infection due to automatic disinfection of the electrode when the device is switched on.
The effectiveness of this method is recognized worldwide, but it is quite difficult to find a clinic that uses the method of radio wave operation.
What is the method of treatment to choose
All these methods have several disadvantages:
- During the first few weeks, the operated area has an unattractive appearance - crusts, darkening of the tissues.This should be taken into account if the warts are in visible parts of the body (eg the face).
- Unpleasant odor and some degree of pain during surgery.
In addition, each of these methods has contraindications that must be found in the preliminary consultation of a dermatologist.
But the main minus isRecidivityespecially if the warts were common, extensive.With each of these methods, doctors do not fight the root cause of the disease, but with its consequences, since todayThe human papillomavirus cannot be healedS
Therefore, therapy is directed:
- or the destruction of neoplasms arising at the site of the introduction of the virus;
- or to stimulate antiviral immune response;
- or on the combination of these approaches.
Destructive treatments are most commonly used.Their effectiveness reaches 50-80 %.
For surgical treatments, the age of children is usually not a contraindication.Therefore, many (including radio wave surgery) are used to treat warts in children.An exception is the chemical removal of warts due to the possibility of side effects of the substance.
What to do after surgery
After any of these operations, be sure to follow the doctor's recommendations.
After removing the neoplasm of any of the methods presented, the doctor usually prescribes the processing of the removal site.It is forbidden to remove independently "crust", to wet the wound and to expose it to direct sunlight.
If the patient is constantly suffering from warts, he or she should consult an immunologist-he or she may require drug therapy, which will increase the resistance of immunity to manifestations of human papillomavirus.
Forecast.Prevention
If the patient is not immunodeficiency, then the warts can pass on their own, but it will take a long time - from several months to several years.So in 65 % of cases warts independently regress for two years.If two years later the wart is still in place, then it is recommended to remove it.Multiple neoplasms are recommended to be removed immediately.
With normal immunity and properly selected method of removal (depending on the size and type of wart) it is possible to remove the pathogenic tissue and to achieve a good cosmetic effect.With reduced immunity and other predisposing factors, the human papillomavirus causes relapses.
There is no specific prevention of the disease.But is it so inevitable?
You can reduce the likelihood of a virus if you follow several rules:
- Do not go barefoot in public places where it is possible to injure the skin and infect a virus (pools, public showers, gyms).
- Choose high quality shoes, change it more often.Try to make your feet dry.Heat and moisture are an excellent environment for the spread of human papillomavirus.
- To avoid patronage warts, go to a manicure only for certified craftsmen and make sure they use sterile tools.
To prevent anogenital warts, according to the WHO (the World Health Organization), four -a ghost vaccine from the human papillomavirus is also highly effective.Vaccines do not exist at the moment to prevent other types of warts.
If you find a wart, then do not try to burn, cut it yourself, cut it - so you can contribute to the inflammation and the more exhausting of the skin virus.After such a "removal" instead of a wart in the morning, you can wake up with ten.